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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

If you're a Coffee Beans Types enthusiast you're likely to know that different types of beans produce varying flavor profiles. Find out about four of the most well-known varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are one of the varieties of Liberica that is cultivated exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a more fruity, tarter flavor profile and are often used in blends of coffee for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans are responsible for 75% of global production. Arabica beans are softer and sweeter than Robusta, and come in different flavors. The taste and aroma components of a particular coffee can vary greatly based on the climatic conditions and processing techniques used to make it.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word meaning berry. Coffee beans are actually seeds which grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats were stimulated by eating the berries. The cultivation of coffee quickly spread around the world.

Coffee beans can grow at high altitudes and thrive in cool temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the reasons for why Arabica is regarded as the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee roasters and shops focus on sourcing their arabica beans ethically and focusing on fair pay for farmers and sustainable growing practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to make unique coffees that work well with many brewing methods. Blending allows for control over the aroma, flavor and body of the coffee and is frequently preferred to create an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most popular kind of coffee beans shop bean around the world. They have a higher caffeine content per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to disease and pests. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are antioxidants that occur naturally. These acids can cause oxidation in the brewing process, and can result in undesirable flavors.

The plant is more robust than the arabica and can be grown in less favorable climates. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sun. It produces more coffee per plant and grows more quickly than arabica. This makes it a more economical crop to cultivate.

While it may sound counterintuitive, Robusta and arabica beans are often blended to create coffee blends. If you find names such as Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's likely that there's also some robusta.

Although some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, the majority use mix the two varieties to reduce costs and maintain quality. To preserve the integrity of the flavor, it's crucial to choose a high-good quality coffee beans beans from a source you are confident in. This can be accomplished by purchasing your beans direct from a farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape that is similar to a football, which is what makes them distinct from other types of coffee beans. They are characterized by a smell that is fruity, floral and smokey. They are added to other types of coffee beans to give them a more rounded and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They are tolerant of hot, humid climates and can thrive at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to disease than Arabica or Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for growing at home. You can purchase seeds on the internet from a variety of sources, however it is best to buy from local producers to guarantee the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for growing Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils that have moderately acidic, and enough annual rainfall.

Another kind of coffee bean is Excelsa, which was once thought to be a separate species, but has been re-classified as a subspecies of Liberica. The strong coffee beans beans that are oval in shape are grown on large coffee plants that can reach 20 to 30 feet in height at medium roast coffee beans altitudes. Their distinctive taste is sweet and tart, making them a popular choice for house blends. They have a lighter aroma and higher caffeine content that is lower than Arabica or Robusta but still have a unique depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as widely used as Arabica and Robusta, despite being the fourth most popular. In fact they were considered to be a distinct coffee plant species until 2006 when they were reclassified to a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. Currently, they're cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. These coffee beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape, and an intriguing dark flavor. They are frequently used to give blends additional body and a tangy taste of ripened fruits.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are known for their sweeter flavor. They thrive in tropical and warm climates as well as at higher altitudes. They have a slight acidity. If they are brewed correctly and roast properly, they can have notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most popular coffee in the world, and makes up around 40% of the coffee consumed around the world. These beans are smaller and more round however they have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties, and tend to have woody and earthy undertones.

Now that you've learned the four most commonly used types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select the perfect cup. If you're looking to enjoy a smooth mild flavor, go for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.