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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different varieties produce distinct flavors. Find out about four of the most widely used varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a kind of Liberica is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier, tarter taste profile and are frequently used in blends of coffee for added depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee in the world, making up 75% of the global coffee bean production. Arabica beans are sweeter and milder in flavor than Robusta and come in a variety of flavor profiles. The flavor and aroma of coffee is affected by the conditions under the conditions in which it grows and the methods of processing used.

The word "coffee" is derived from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are fruit seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds discovered that their goats became stimulated after eating these fruits, and the cultivation of coffee quickly began to spread throughout the world.

Coffee beans can grow at high altitudes and flourish in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the main reasons that Arabica is regarded as the best-tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on ethical sourcing of arabica beans, and focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to create distinctive coffees that are suitable for many different methods of brewing. Blending gives you control over the flavour, aroma as well as body and acidity of the coffee beans to buy and is frequently preferred to achieve an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a wider market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second-most popular type of coffee bean in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation in the coffee's brewing process and cause undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more resilient than arabica, able thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can tolerate higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a economically viable crop to cultivate.

Although it may sound contradictory it's true that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended together to create coffee blends. If you find names such as Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag it's likely that there's also some robusta.

The majority of roasters utilize a mix of arabica and coffee beans to lower costs and maintain the quality. To preserve the integrity of flavor, you should choose the highest quality beans from a trusted source. This can be done by buying your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped, which makes them distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinctive aroma that is fruity and floral with subtle smoky undertones. They are paired with other types of coffee beans to provide them with a more rich, more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They are well-adapted to humid, hot climates and can thrive at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for home cultivation. You can find the seeds on the internet from a variety of sources, but it is best to purchase them locally-owned producers to ensure the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee plants are fertile deep volcanic soils that have moderately acidic pH, and adequate annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa which was originally thought to be a separate species, but is now classified as a variation of Liberica. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that are cultivated on 20-30-foot coffee plants at moderate altitudes. They have a distinct taste that is both tart and fruity that has made them a preferred choice for blends in house. They are also less pronounced in scent and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta yet still have a distinctive richness of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth-most popular kind of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't as readily available as Arabica or Robusta. In fact they were regarded as distinct species of premium coffee beans until 2006 when they were changed to a synonym for Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. Today, they're grown mainly in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. The beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and carry an eerie, dark roast coffee beans taste. They're often used in blends to give extra body and a rich, tart, ripened fruit flavor.

Arabica beans are by far the most popular and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive in warm, tropical environments and at high altitudes. They have a little acidity. When roasted and brewed properly they can be a bit sweet with hints of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most-loved coffee around the world. It makes up around 40% of all coffee consumed around the world. Robusta beans are more round and smaller, yet they contain more caffeine than Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and are more likely to have earthy and woody overtones.

Now that you've learned the four most popular types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select your ideal coffee. If you're looking to enjoy a smooth and delicate taste, go for an arabica bean or a blend of arabica and robusta beans.