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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different types of plants produce distinct flavors. Find out more about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a variety of Liberica that is grown exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier, tarter flavor profile and are often used in blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee in the world with 75% of the world's coffee bean production. Arabica beans are milder and sweeter than Robusta and come in various flavour profiles. The taste and aroma components of a coffee may vary greatly based on the climatic conditions and processing techniques employed to produce it.

The word "coffee" originates from the Arabic word meaning berry. medium roast coffee beans beans are actually seeds that develop in bright red berries. It is believed that the ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energized after eating these berries. The cultivation of coffee spread quickly around the world.

Coffee beans can flourish at high altitudes and thrive in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is one of the main reasons that Arabica is considered to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on using ethically-sourced arabica beans and focusing on fair pay for farmers and sustainable cultivation practices. These companies often blend arabica beans to make distinctive coffees that can be used in many different methods of brewing. Blending is a way to control the taste, aroma, body and acidity of coffee. It is often used to create a consistent and balanced taste that is appealing to a broad audience.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most coveted kind of coffee beans in bulk bean in the world. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. However, these acids may cause oxidation in the coffee brewing process and can cause undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica, able thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand higher temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant, and it grows faster than arabica. This makes it a economical crop to cultivate.

Although it might seem odd, Robusta beans are often blended with arabica to make coffee blends. If you notice the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya listed on a coffee bag then it's likely that there's some Robusta in there as well.

Most roasters employ a mixture of arabica and coffee beans to lower costs while maintaining the quality. To preserve the flavor integrity it is recommended to select the best quality beans from a reliable source. This can be accomplished by purchasing your beans direct from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football-shaped, which makes them distinct from other varieties of coffee beans. They have a distinctive scent that is floral and fruity with smoky undertones. They are often blended with other coffee beans to give a more intense, fuller flavor.

Liberica coffee beans can be found in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo) and Southeast Asia. They are adaptable to humid, hot climates and are able to grow at low altitudes. They also have a better resistance to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for home-growing. On the internet, you can purchase seeds from a variety of sources. However, it is best to purchase the beans from local producers in order to ensure high-good quality coffee beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils that have moderately acidic pH and adequate annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different kind of coffee bean. It was once classified as a distinct species, but has since been reclassified as a Liberica variant. These oval-shaped coffee beans are found on large coffee plants that can reach 20 to 30 feet in height at moderate altitudes. Their unique flavor is tart and sour, which makes them a popular choice for blends in the home. They are also lighter in scent and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta yet still have an unusual depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most sought-after kind of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't quite as easy to find as Arabica or Robusta. In fact, they were considered a separate coffee plant species until 2006 when they were reclassified to an alternative to Coffea liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7% the world's production of coffee. The coffee beans are shaped like a teardrop and possess a dark, eerie taste. They're typically used in blends to give extra body and a luscious, tart, ripened fruit taste.

Arabica beans are the most sought-after, and are well-known for their an apricot-like flavor. They thrive in tropical and warm climates as well as at higher altitudes. They have a slight acidity. When roasted and brewed properly they may be flavored with notes of chocolate, nuts, or even fruit.

Robusta is a close second only to Arabica and is responsible for about 40% of the world's coffee. Robusta beans are smaller and more round however, they contain twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have earthy and woody undertones.

After you've learned about the four most widely used varieties of Coffee beans types beans you can now choose the perfect coffee. If you prefer smooth and delicate flavors opt for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.