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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different varieties produce distinct flavors. Find out more about four of the most sought-after varieties: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans, a type Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter taste profile, and are often added to blends of coffee to enhance the flavor.

Arabica

Arabica coffee beans are responsible for 75% of the global production. Arabica beans have a sweeter and less sour flavor than Robusta and are available in a variety of flavor profiles. The aroma and taste of coffee are affected by the conditions under which it is grown as well as the processing methods employed.

The word "coffee" actually derives from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are fruit seeds that grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were stimulated after eating these berries, and the cultivation of coffee soon became widespread across the globe.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes and are capable of thriving in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is one of the reasons for why Arabica is regarded as the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters concentrate on the ethical sourcing of arabica beans, and focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies typically blend arabica beans to make unique signature coffees that work well with a wide range of methods of brewing. Blending gives control over the aroma, flavor, body and acidity of coffee. It is typically preferred to get a consistent and balanced flavor that appeals a wide market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most sought-after type of coffee bean in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean and are more protected against diseases and pests. They also contain more chlorogenic acids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants. These acids can cause oxidation during the brewing process of coffee beans unroasted and create undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more robust than arabica and is able to grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and does well in direct sunlight. It grows faster and produces more coffee per plant than arabica, making it a cheaper crop to grow.

While it may sound counterintuitive, Robusta and arabica beans are often blended to create coffee blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag it's likely that there's also some robusta.

Although some roasters exclusively use arabica beans, the majority of roasters use a mix of both varieties to lower costs and ensure quality. In order to preserve the integrity of the flavor, it is essential to select a premium bean from a supplier you can trust. This can be achieved by purchasing your beans direct from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped which distinguishes them from other types of coffee beans. They have a distinct aroma that is fruity and floral with smokey undertones. They are added to other types of coffee beans to provide them with a more rich and more robust flavor.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as well as in Southeast Asia. They are adaptable to humid, hot conditions and can be grown at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them perfect for home cultivation. The seeds can be found on the internet from several sources, however it's best to buy from local producers to guarantee the quality of the beans. The ideal conditions for the cultivation of Liberica coffee plants include fertile deep volcanic soils with moderately acidic pH, and adequate annual rainfall.

Excelsa is a different variety of coffee bean. It was initially classified as a separate species, but has since been reclassified as a Liberica variant. These oval-shaped coffee beans are grown on large barista coffee beans plants that reach 20 to 30 feet in height at medium altitudes. Their unique flavor is tart and sour, making them a popular choice for blends made at home. They have a less pronounced flavor and lower caffeine levels than Arabica or Robusta but they still possess a distinct depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Excelsa coffee beans aren't as well-known as Arabica and Robusta despite being the fourth most popular. They were actually regarded as a different amazon coffee beans plant species up until 2006, when they were reclassified to be a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. They are produced in Southeast Asia today and account for 7 percent of the world's production of coffee. These beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and carry a dark, mysterious flavor. They're typically used in blends to add body and a rich tart, ripe fruit taste.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are known for their sweeter taste. They grow best at high altitudes, and they thrive in warm tropical climates. They have a little acidity. When roasted and brewed correctly they may impart notes like chocolate, nuts or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most sought-after coffee worldwide, and accounts for about 40% of all coffee consumed around the world. These beans are smaller and rounder, but have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also taste bitterer than the other two varieties and have an earthy and woody taste.

Now that you know the four most commonly used types of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select your perfect brew. If you prefer an elegant and delicate taste pick an arabica, or a blend consisting of robusta and arabica beans.