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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You've probably heard that different varieties can produce different flavors. Find out about four of the most popular varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are a variety of Liberica that is grown only in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter taste profile, and are often added to coffee blends to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica is the most sought-after coffee in the world with 75% of the world's coffee beans produced. Arabica beans are milder and have a sweeter flavor than Robusta. They are available with a variety of flavor profiles. The taste and aroma components of a cup of coffee can differ widely depending on the growing conditions and the processing methods employed to produce it.

The word "coffee" actually derives from the Arabic word for berry and coffee beans are fruit seeds which grow inside bright red berries. It is believed that ancient Ethiopian shepherds noticed that their goats were energy-rich after eating these fruits, and the cultivation of coffee soon became widespread across the globe.

Coffee beans can thrive at high altitudes, and thrive in cold temperatures and lots of rain. This is the reason Arabica coffee is thought to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on ethical sourcing of arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans in order to create unique coffees that can be used in a variety of brewing methods. Blending allows for control over the aroma, flavor, body, and acidity of the coffee bean coffee and is frequently preferred to create an even and consistent flavor that appeals to a larger market.

Robusta

Robusta beans are the second most coveted kind of coffee bean in the world. They contain more caffeine per bean than Arabica, and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids which are antioxidants that naturally occur. These acids can cause oxidation during the coffee brewing and produce undesirable flavors.

The plant itself is more durable than arabica, able grow in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It is tolerant of warmer temperatures and thrives in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and grows more quickly than arabica. This makes it a economical crop to cultivate.

While it may sound counterintuitive the fact is that arabica and Robusta beans are often blended to create Good Coffee Beans blends. If you see names such as Uganda or Kenya on the coffee bags it's possible there's also some robusta.

While some roasters use exclusively arabica beans, the majority use a mix of the two varieties to reduce costs and preserve the quality. To preserve the flavor integrity you should select the best quality beans from a reliable source. This can be achieved by purchasing the beans directly from farmers.

Liberica

Liberica beans have a shape similar to a football which is what makes them distinct from other types of coffee bean shop beans. They have a smell that is fruity, floral and smokey. They are paired with other coffee bean types to provide them with a more rich, more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are grown in West Africa and Malaysia (Borneo) as and in Southeast Asia. They are adaptable to humid, hot climates and are able to grow at low altitudes. They are also more resistant to diseases than Arabica or Robusta.

These qualities make them ideal for growing at home. Online, you can purchase the seeds from various sources. However, it is ideal to purchase the beans from local producers to ensure quality. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee are fertile, deep volcano soils with moderately acidic, and enough annual rainfall.

Another type of coffee bean is Excelsa which was originally considered to be a separate species but was later re-classified to be a variation of Liberica. These coffee beans are elongated ovals that are cultivated on 20 to 30 feet coffee beans delivery plants at moderate altitudes. They have a distinctive taste that is both tart and fruity which has made them a preferred selection in blends for house. They have a lighter aroma and caffeine levels than Arabica or Robusta but still possess a distinct depth of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most popular kind of coffee beans bristol beans, Excelsa beans aren't as easily accessible as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually thought to be distinct species of coffee until 2006, when they were reclassified to be a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Currently, they're cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's coffee production. The beans are distinctive with a teardrop shape and have a dark, mysterious flavor. They are frequently used to give blends additional body and a rich tart taste of ripe fruits.

Arabica beans are the most well-known and are known for their sweeter taste. They thrive at higher altitudes and are able to thrive in warm, tropical climates. They are slightly acidic. If properly brewed and roasted they may have notes like nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is the second most adored coffee worldwide, and makes up around 40% of the coffee consumed globally. Robusta beans are smaller and more round, but have twice as much caffeine as Arabica. They are also more bitter than the other two varieties and have an earthy, woody flavor.

After having a better understanding of the four most common types, it's now time to select the best brew. If you prefer a smooth and delicate flavor pick an arabica or a blend comprised of arabica beans and robusta beans.